A sensor is a component or device that converts collected information into a signal that can be processed by a device.
Humans act based on information obtained from sight, hearing, smell, and touch, and so do devices, which are controlled or processed based on information obtained from sensors.The signals (physical quantities) that are collected and converted by sensors are temperature, light, color, air pressure, magnetism, speed, acceleration, and so on.These utilize material changes in semiconductors, and in addition to these, there are biosensors that utilize biological substances such as enzymes and microorganisms.
Sensors have long been penetrated into areas such as industrial production, cosmic development, marine exploration, environmental protection, resource investigation, medical diagnosis, bioengineering, and even the protection of cultural relics and so on. It is no exaggeration to say that, from the vastness of space, to the vastness of the ocean, and even a variety of complex engineering systems, almost every modernization project, are inseparable from a variety of sensors.
The characteristics of the sensor include: miniaturization, digitalization, intelligence, multifunctionality, systematization, networking, which not only promotes the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, but also the possibility of establishing a new type of industry, thus becoming a new economic growth point in the 21st century. Miniaturization is based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, which has been successfully applied to silicon devices to make silicon pressure sensors.
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